Heart Attack: What You Need to Know

A heart attack happens when blood flow to part of your heart gets blocked. Without quick action, that area can be damaged or even die. Knowing the signs and what to do can save your life or someone else’s. Let’s break down the basics so you’re prepared.

Spotting the Signs Early

Many people think heart attacks always cause crushing chest pain. Actually, symptoms can vary. The most common signs include chest discomfort, pressure, or tightness that lasts more than a few minutes. It might feel like squeezing or fullness. Some people also get pain in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach.

Besides pain, watch out for shortness of breath, cold sweats, nausea, or lightheadedness. Women and older adults sometimes have less typical symptoms, like unusual tiredness, indigestion, or anxiety. If you notice any of these, don’t wait—get emergency help right away.

What Causes a Heart Attack?

Most heart attacks happen because of clogged arteries. Fatty deposits called plaques build up inside blood vessels and can suddenly rupture, forming a clot that blocks blood flow. Factors like smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and poor diet speed up this process.

Stress and lack of exercise don’t help either. Some risks are out of your control, like family history or age, but many you can manage by improving your lifestyle. Regular check-ups and knowing your numbers—blood pressure, cholesterol—are smart first steps.

Remember, a heart attack is a medical emergency. If you or someone nearby shows symptoms, call emergency services immediately. Quick treatment can limit heart damage and improve survival chances. Don't drive yourself to the hospital—an ambulance is best equipped to help en route.

Preventing a heart attack starts with small changes. Eating balanced meals, staying active, and avoiding smoking lower your risk big time. Managing stress and maintaining a healthy weight also protect your heart. It’s never too late to start caring for your heart.